![]() The hemoglobin transports oxygen efficiently in a low oxygen environment. Hemoglobin F is the primary hemoglobin produced by the fetus. With most of these variants are mutations in the alpha globin gene that result in an abnormally long alpha chain and an unstable hemoglobin molecules. They usually affect the functionality and/or the stability of the hemoglobin molecule. These variants are considered silent, which means that they have no signs or symptoms. Īlong with lengthy list of common hemoglobin variants, there are some variants that are less common. The copies of the abnormal beta genes would more than likely be passed to offspring. The severity of the conditions mainly depend on the genetic mutation and it may vary from person to person. In this case the person produces the associated hemoglobin variant and may have the symptoms and complications that are associated with they specific hemoglobin variant they have. This means that the person has two abnormal beta genes. Another way that beta genes can be inherited is in a homozygous fashion. Carriers also do not have to deal with having symptoms or any health concerns. Only the abnormal gene can be passed on to offspring in this case. This person is considered to be a carrier of whichever hemoglobin variant is inherited. This means that the person has one normal beta gene and one abnormal beta gene. The next way they can be inherited is in a heterozygous fashion. Both of these genes can be passed to offspring. This means that the person who inherits this will have two copies of the altered gene. First, abnormal beta gene can be inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. Hemoglobin variants are most often inherited characteristics. The level of severity of alpha thalassemia is determined by the number of genes that are affected. ![]() If the genes for alpha chains is mutated, the most common condition that occurs is alpha thalassemia, which causes a decrease in production of that gene. Usually there are four genes that code for alpha globin and two genes that code for beta globin. ![]() They could affect the structure, behavior, the production rate, and/or the stability of that specific gene. Hemoglobin variants occur when there are genetic changes in specific genes, or globins, that cause changes or alterations in the amino acid. Some normal hemoglobin types are Hemoglobin A (Hb A), which is 95–98% of hemoglobin found in adults, Hemoglobin A2 (Hb A2), which is 2–3% of hemoglobin found in adults, and Hemoglobin F (Hb F), which is found in adults up to 2.5% and is the primary hemoglobin that is produced by the fetus during pregnancy. Other variants cause no detectable pathology, and are thus considered non-pathological variants. Some well-known hemoglobin variants such as sickle-cell anemia are responsible for diseases, and are considered hemoglobinopathies. Hemoglobin variants are mutant forms of hemoglobin in a population, caused by variations in genetics. Global distribution of red blood cell abnormalities ![]()
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